01 September, 2011

Are Business Process Management and Business Architecture a perfect match?

Whenever I suggest collaboration between these two worlds, I always observe some sort of astonishment from my interlocutors. Many Enterprise Architects or Business Architects do not realise there may be synergies. Business Process Management (BPM) team have not understood what Enterprise Architecture is all about and the other way around.... There is no a single definition of Business Process Management, often it means different things to different people. To keep it very generic, BPM relates to any activities an organization does to support its process efforts.

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There are many activities which can be included in such efforts:
· The use of industry Business Reference Model (or Business Process Reference Model), a reference for the operational activities of an organization, a framework facilitating a functional Lines of Business, such as
o The Federal Enterprise Architecture Business Reference Model of the US Federal Government
o The DoD Business Reference Model
o The Open Group Exploration and Mining Business Reference Model (https://www.opengroup.org/emmmv/uploads/40/22706/Getting_started_with_the_EM_Business_Model_v_01.00.pdf)
o Frameworx (eTOM) for Telco companies
o The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR®) model
o The SAP R/3 Reference Model
o The Oracle Business Models : Oracle Industry Reference Model for Banking, (IRM), Oracle Retail Reference Model
o And others...
· The use of organization specific Business Reference models
· The use of Business process improvement methodologies
o Lean, a quantitative data driven methodology based on statistics, process understanding and process control
o Six Sigma, a methodology that mainly focuses on eliminating bad products or services to clients by using statistical evaluation
· Business Process Reengineering, which in reality is a facet of BPM
· The understanding of Business Change Management, the process that empowers staff to accept changes that will improve performance and productivity
· The understanding of Business Transformation, the continuous process, essential to any organization in implementing its business strategy and achieving its vision
· The use of Business Rules Management which enables organizations to manage business rules for decision automation
· The understanding of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services to reduce costs and increase efficiency
· The support of Business Process modeling and design, which is illustrated description of business processes, usually created with flow diagrams. The model contains the relationship between activities, processes, sub-processes and information, as well as roles, the organization and resources. This can done with many notations such as flow chart, functional flow block diagram, control flow diagram, Gantt chart, PERT diagram, IDEF, and nowadays with the standard de facto notations such as UML and BPMN
· The support of BPM tools and suites implementation. With the right, process models can be simulated, to drive workflow or BPMS systems, and can be used as the basis for an automated process monitoring system (BAM)
· The support of Business Activity Monitoring (BAM), the ability to have end-to-end visibility and control over all parts of a process or transaction that spans multiple applications and people in one or even more companies.

To combine Business Process Management and Enterprise Architecture for better business outcomes is definitely the way forward, where BPM provides the business context, understanding, and- metrics, and Enterprise Architecture provides the discipline to translate business vision and strategy into architectural changes. Both are needed for sustainable continuous improvement. When referring to Enterprise Architecture, we would mainly refer to Business Architecture. Business Architecture involves more than just the structure of business processes. It also entails the organization of departments, roles, documents, assets, and all other process-related information.

Business Architects may be defining and implementing the Business Process framework and, in parallel, influencing the strategic direction for Business Process Management and improvement methodologies (e.g. Lean, Six Sigma). The business process owners and Business Analysts are working within their guidelines at multiple levels throughout the organizations’ business process. They have roles and responsibilities to manage, monitor and control their processes.
An important tool in developing Business Architecture is a Business Reference Model. These types of models are enormously beneficial. They can be developed in the organization to build and extend the information architecture. The shared vocabulary (verbal and visual) that emerges from these efforts promotes clear and effective communication.

To illustrate the touch points between Enterprise Architecture and Business Process Management, I have illustrated in the table below the synergies between the two approaches using TOGAF® 9.

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In this table, we observe that, there is a perfect match between Business Process Management and the use of an Enterprise Architecture framework such as TOGAF. BPM is often project based and the Business Architect (or Enterprise Architect) may be responsible for identifying cross-project and cross-process capabilities. It can be considered as being the backbone of an Enterprise Architecture program. We can also add to this, that Service Oriented Architecture is the core operational or transactional capability while BPM does the coordination and integration into business processes.

When using BPM tools and suites, you should also consider the following functionalities: workflow, enterprise application integration, content management and business activity monitoring. These four components are traditionally provided by vendors as separate applications which are merged through BPM into a single application with high levels of integration. The implementation of a BPM solution should theoretically eliminate the maintenance and support cost of these four applications resulting in reducing the total cost of ownership.

Business Architecture provides the governance, alignment and transformational context for BPM across business units and silos. Enterprise Architects, Business Architects, Business Analysts should work together with BPM teams, when approaching the topic of Business Process Management. BPM efforts need structures and appropriate methodologies. It needs a structure to guide efforts at different levels of abstraction (separating “the what“ (the hierarchical structure of business functions) from “the how” (how the desired results are achieved), a documented approach and structure to navigate among the business processes of the organization, i.e. a Business Architecture. They also need a methodology such as an Enterprise Architecture framework to retain and leverage what they have learned about managing and conducting BPM projects.

16 comments:

Guido Campani said...

Serge,
great post. Based on my experience BPM and Enterprise Architecture cross each other way very often. An enterprise that is wise enough to take either approach will later or sooner embrace the other one too.

Jerome Capirossi said...

Hi Steve,

Don't you think that today BPM is trendy ? May be because it brings the vision of automation and agility. But BPM is not all in Business Architecture.
Why not considering BPM as a Business architecture style which could be implemented by EA ? Other Business architecrture style would be a Business Function management style or a Business Services management style.
A suggestion would be that EA includes a rational to select best suited Business Architecture style ? The same question happens for Information Systems and SOA though it seems difficult to implement Boundaryless Information without SOA.
Best regards
Jerome Capirossi

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Image Process Design said...

Serge,
excellent post. I'm in agreement with Ronald, so glad you mentioned the business rules!
Thanks.

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Anonymous said...

First, the term "business architecture" is wrong. It should be "conceptual architecture". Why? Because every enterprise architecture including all its development phases is "business architecture", i.e. tied to business goals and objectives, drivers and strategies. As it is stupid to call someone "Conceptual Architect" it is equally stupid to call him "Business Architect" - thought process is not meant to be broken down the organizational dimension (if you want to break down the process then break it down horizontally i.e. across business sub-domains). There is no such thing (more precisely, there is - in stupid organizational establishments).
Secondly, business process models represent only one of many other types of artefacts that describe conceptual architecture. Therefore, the question in the title makes no sense. It is like apples and oranges. It is like - yes, you need a pen to write something, but you can also use a computer etc.

Bran Kop

Business Management Consultant said...

Mixing up these two concepts may lead to something extremely interesting. And useful for any enterprise. Thinking outside the box is always encouraged in business management, so why not try this idea? Who knows, maybe the results will be surprising in the best way possible. There is nothing wrong with trying hew approaches.

Ben Benjabutr said...

I work in supply chain management area. In my opinion, SCOR Model is a very good reference model because it provides not only cross-industry reference model but also a platform for business process engineering and change management. Anyway, you may need IDEF if you want to drill down to lower processes and tasks.

JD Edwards User Lists said...

It provides business agility, through a safe guidance for future.

management business said...

Really very Impressive post and your description about Business is Very Good for every one...

Thanks

GROW Model Coaching said...

Thanks for the look at this. Yeah, I would have to say that they really are somewhat inter-connected.

MYOB Bookkeepers Sunshine Coast said...

Collaboration of Bussiness management and Business architecture are perfect match.It is indeed a great synergy of two important industries.A very informative post to read.

Sumit said...

Serge,
Great topic and great insight… I think for me the link is simpler at abstracted level. At enterprise level, business architecture needs to define Enterprise "Business Process Management" as one capability. As we know, each capability is composed of people, processes and systems. The BPM processes automatically comes under the radar of enterprise (as part of business) architecture. More importantly enterprise architecture can define current and future state of the capability and its process (in process architecture).
It is just an abstracted view on the relationships between enterprise architecture, Business architecture, process architecture and BPM. But totally agree with you on your views.
Sumit

Sumit said...

Serge,
Great topic and great insight… I think for me the link is simpler at abstracted level. At enterprise level, business architecture needs to define Enterprise "Business Process Management" as one capability. As we know, each capability is composed of people, processes and systems. The BPM processes automatically comes under the radar of enterprise (as part of business) architecture. More importantly enterprise architecture can define current and future state of the capability and its process (in process architecture).
It is just an abstracted view on the relationships between enterprise architecture, Business architecture, process architecture and BPM. But totally agree with you on your views.
Sumit

Serge Thorn said...

Thanks Sumit. I have developed a Business Architecture course (4 days) which goes quite in detail with these concepts. I also go into Business Process Analysis, Business Process Lfecycle and also includes Lean and Six Sigma for Business Process Improvement. There are plenty of other subjects such as Business Capabilities Management.